Observer

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Observer
Contributors Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides
Last modification June 6, 2017
Source Gamma, Helm, Johnson & Vlissides (1995)[1], Observer Pattern (2016)[2]
Pattern formats OPR Alexandrian
Usability
Learning domain
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Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.[1][2]


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  1. 1.0 1.1 Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R. & Vlissides, J. (1995). Design Patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software. Addison-Wesley: Boston, MA.ISBN 0-201-63361-2.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Observer Pattern. (2016). Retrieved November 9, 2016 from http://wiki.c2.com/?ObserverPattern.